![]() Previous study has suggested that concurrent seizures with viral encephalitis are predictive of death and severe sequela on follow-up. Acute symptomatic seizures can manifest in almost all types of acute CNS viral infection, while late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy may not be frequent after recovery from the acute stage of infection. ![]() ![]() ![]() Seizures are a common presenting symptom of CNS viral infection, and can occur during the acute phase of infection or late after recovery. In addition, with the development of molecular biological and neuroimaging techniques, the diagnosis of CNS viral infection is becoming more and more rapid and accurate. Understanding the epidemic regions of viruses is helpful for diagnosing viral infection in the CNS. Many types of CNS viral infections have characteristic geographic distribution patterns, and they can be transmitted across regions or countries through travel. Viral infections can cause a broad range of diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the incidence, mechanisms, clinical management and prognosis of seizures and epilepsy secondary to CNS viral infection, and summarize common CNS viral infections that cause seizures and epilepsy. In addition, neuroinflammation is known to be widely involved in the generation of seizures during CNS viral infection, and the effects of anti-inflammatory therapies in preventing seizures and epilepsy secondary to CNS viral infection require further studies. The postoperative outcome of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy caused by viral encephalitis primarily depends on the epileptogenic zone. It remains to be determined whether treatment of CNS viral infection using antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can prevent seizures and subsequent epilepsy in patients, particularly with regard to the timing, drug choice and dosage, and duration of AEDs. The incidence of seizures and epilepsy after CNS viral infection is mainly dependent on the brain region of infection. However, late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy may not be frequent after viral infection of the CNS. Acute symptomatic seizures can occur in the context of almost all types of acute CNS viral infection. Levetiracetam 2,000 mg/day does not affect sleep continuity and may be considered a sleep-friendly antiepileptic drug.Įpilepsy levetiracetam nocturnal sleep polysomnography.Viral infection in the central nervous system (CNS) is a common cause of seizures and epilepsy. We also observed an increase in N1 stage and a trend toward a reduction in REM sleep (in both minutes and percentages), but they did not reach statistical significance. However, we found a statistically significant increase in the number of awakenings and arousals, an increase in N2 and a decrease in N3 stages (minutes and percentages) after therapy. We found no statistically significant difference at baseline and after LEV therapy in the following sleep parameters: total sleep time, sleep onset, wake after sleep onset, N1 stage and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (minutes and percentages), and latency of all sleep stages including REM sleep. Twenty five patients with newly diagnosed or untreated epilepsy completed the study. The dynamics of seven main PSG variables was evaluated prior to, and three months after, LEV therapy. Both procedures were performed at baseline and after three months of LEV treatment. The effect of LEV on nocturnal sleep was assessed through a full-night lab polysomnography (PSG), followed by a four-nap multiple sleep latency test. Its advantages (its broad antiepileptic spectrum, optimal pharmacokinetics, good safety and tolerability) have led to its frequent use in clinical practice, although little is yet known about LEV's effect on nocturnal sleep architecture. It has been commonly reported to cause sleep disruption and daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug with a unique anticonvulsive mechanism of action. The purpose of our study was the evaluation of the effect of 2,000 mg levetiracetam monotherapy over a 3-month period on nocturnal sleep in patients with epilepsy.
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